DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.15
Rank	#37	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	60.73
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	14.36
Rank	#36	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigquery

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2010

2016

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

yes

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More resources

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Recent citations in the news

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10 April 2025, Amazon Web Services

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30 January 2025, Amazon Web Services

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13 December 2018, Analytics India Magazine

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