DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. eXtremeDB vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. eXtremeDB vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#223	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.citusdata.com

www.mcobject.com

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.citusdata.com

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

McObject

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2012

2010

2001

2010

Current release

8.1, December 2018

8.2, 2021

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

by defining events

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning / sharding

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

More information provided by the system vendor

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Competitive advantages

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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