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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Hyprcubd vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Hyprcubd vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyprcubd  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
Hyprcubd seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLServerless Time Series DBMSWell established RDBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comhyprcubd.com (offline)www.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comdocs.actian.com/­ingreslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Hyprcubd, Inc.Actian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release201220101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s1989
Current release8.1, December 201811.2, May 2022SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCCGoCC++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infotime, int, uint, float, stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (https).NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslytables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsIngres Replicatoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesnoyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardtoken accessfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusHyprcubdIngresMicrosoft SQL Server
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