DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. BaseX vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. BaseX vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Light-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Native XML DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	1.84
Rank	#135	Overall
	#4	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.36
Rank	#280	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	1.36
Rank	#161	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

basex.org

www.leanxcale.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.basex.org

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

BaseX GmbH

LeanXcale

Microsoft

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2012

2007

2015

2019

1998

Current release

11.0, June 2024

cloud service with continuous releases

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XQuery supports types

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

through Apache Derby

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Actionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic

C
Java
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

via events

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

multiple readers, single writer

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levels

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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