DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	15.25
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#88	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

orientdb.org

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Mireo

Initial release

2012

2013

2010

2020

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language, no joins

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, Javascript

Triggers

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

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