DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#372	Overall
	#57	Key-value stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

postgis.net

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

postgis.net/documentation

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2012

2013

2016

2005

2020

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.4.2, February 2024

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

hosted

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
Java
PHP

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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