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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.orgmaxdb.sap.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Microsoft
Initial release2012201319841989
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.9.10.12, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftApache ImpalaMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft SQL Server
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