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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. EXASOL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.exasol.com/­resourceswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasolPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201320001989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoHadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftApache ImpalaEXASOLPostgreSQL
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