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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Drill vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Drill vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenQM vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSMultivalue DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.34
Rank#284  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftdrill.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdrill.apache.org/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software FoundationMicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsOpenLink Software
Initial release20122012198919931998
Current release1.20.3, January 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20223.4-127.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infowith some exceptionsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesrestrictednoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftApache DrillMicrosoft SQL ServerOpenQM infoalso called QMVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftApache DrillMicrosoft SQL ServerOpenQM infoalso called QMVirtuoso
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