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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpaceTime

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Spatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.88
Rank#130  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazonOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerMireo
Initial release201719941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2020
Current release18.1.40, May 202016.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CC++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLSpaceTime
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