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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
terminusdb.comtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.nebula-graph.ioterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#trafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftVesoft Inc.DataChemist Ltd.Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20172010201920182014
Current releaseV1211.0.0, January 20232.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Prolog, RustC++, Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxLinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesStrong typed schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
JavaScript
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functionsyesJava Stored Procedures
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingGraph PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocolJournaling Streamsyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes infousing RocksDByes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTrafodion
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTrafodion
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