DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

High performance Time Series DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used RDBMS

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database

ravendb.net

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

code.kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

ravendb.net/docs

Developer

Amazon

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Google

Oracle

Hibernating Rhinos

Initial release

2017

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2011

1980

2010

Current release

3.6, May 2018

1.23, February 2021

23c, September 2023

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Authorization levels configured per client per database

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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