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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Hazelcast vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Hazelcast vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA widely adopted in-memory data gridA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunehazelcast.comwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonHazelcastLeanXcaleMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20172008201520101994
Current release5.3.6, November 2023V1218.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infothrough Apache Derbyyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyesyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoReplicated Mapyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneHazelcastLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DB
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