DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Cloudflare Workers KV vs. LeanXcale vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

A global, low-latency, key-value store for applications on Cloudflare with exceptionally high read volumes and low-latency.

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Widely used RDBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Key-value store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.32
Rank	#283	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.cloudflare.com/developer-platform/workers-kv

www.leanxcale.com

www.oracle.com/database

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

developers.cloudflare.com/kv/api

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Amazon

Cloudflare

LeanXcale

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2017

2018

2015

1980

1994

Current release

23c, September 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

HTTP REST
Proprietary protocol

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Dart
JavaScript
Kotlin
Python
Rust
Scala

C
Java
Scala

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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