DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Memgraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Memgraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesAn open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#98  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.leanxcale.commemgraph.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestapple.github.io/­foundationdbmemgraph.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookFoundationDBLeanXcaleMemgraph Ltd
Initial release20172008201320152017
Current release4.1.3, July 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)supported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infothrough Apache Derbyno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoin SQL-layer only
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infodynamic graph partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesMulti-source replication using RAFT
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Linearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoin SQL-layer onlyyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID infowith snapshot isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users can be defined per objectnoUsers, roles and permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneCassandraFoundationDBLeanXcaleMemgraph
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more
News

How Concide Built its Chat Platform with Enhanced Document Management for Legal Tech Professionals
23 May 2024

Astra Vectorize: Generate Vector Embeddings with 1 Line of Code
22 May 2024

GitHub Copilot + DataStax Astra DB: Build GenAI Apps 100x Faster
21 May 2024

Empowering On-Premises Deployments with Generative AI: Introducing Vector Search for a Self-Managed Modern Architecture
15 May 2024

Tips and Tricks for the DataStax Astra CLI
7 May 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesCassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions.
» more

CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Amazon NeptuneCassandraFoundationDBLeanXcaleMemgraph
DB-Engines blog posts

Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking
3 May 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

Oracle is the DBMS of the Year
5 January 2016, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking
2 November 2015, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

Amazon Neptune Analytics is now available in the AWS Europe (London) Region
14 March 2024, AWS Blog

Amazon Neptune Analytics is now generally available
29 November 2023, AWS Blog

Find and link similar entities in a knowledge graph using Amazon Neptune, Part 1: Full-text search | Amazon Web ...
7 May 2024, AWS Blog

Find and link similar entities in a knowledge graph using Amazon Neptune, Part 2: Vector similarity search | Amazon ...
7 May 2024, AWS Blog

Analyze large amounts of graph data to get insights and find trends with Amazon Neptune Analytics | Amazon Web ...
29 November 2023, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

Microsoft Build 2024: Cosmos DB for NoSQL gets vector search
21 May 2024, InfoWorld

Cassandra is the “best f*cking database for gen AI,” says DataStax CEO
13 December 2023, VentureBeat

Why Apache Cassandra 5.0 Is a Game-Changer for Developers
10 May 2024, The New Stack

How Uber Optimized Cassandra Operations At Scale
20 July 2023, Uber

Here's What to Know About Apache Cassandra 5.0
15 April 2024, hackernoon.com

provided by Google News

FoundationDB team's new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
13 February 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Stonebraker Seeks to Invert the Computing Paradigm with DBOS
12 March 2024, Datanami

Antithesis raises $47M to launch an automated testing platform for software
13 February 2024, TechCrunch

Antithesis Launches Out Of Stealth To Revolutionize Software Reliability
13 February 2024, Yahoo Finance

Deno adds scaleable messaging with new Queues feature, sparks debate about proprietary services • DEVCLASS
28 September 2023, DevClass

provided by Google News

Enhance Your Network with the Power of a Graph DB
4 May 2024, Towards Data Science

Graph database company Memgraph raises $9.34M
5 October 2021, VentureBeat

Croatian graph database startup Memgraph raises €8M with Microsoft as key investor, plans to boost R&D
20 October 2021, The Recursive

Graph Database Market to grow at a CAGR of 19.9% from 2022 to 2027|Increased demand for low-latency queries is a ...
7 August 2023, PR Newswire

Making Your Own Memory Graph To Detect Memory Issues On iOS
13 April 2021, hackernoon.com

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

AllegroGraph logo

Graph Database Leader for AI Knowledge Graph Applications - The Most Secure Graph Database Available.
Free Download

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here