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DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument store
Key-value store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score74.07
Rank#17  Overall
#3  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score1.59
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbplanetscale.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodblearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbplanetscale.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftPlanetScalePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201420201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationscommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemshostedhostedDocker
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptyes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infoby integration with AWS LambdaJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)with Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID at shard levelACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights can be defined down to the item levelUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
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