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DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon DynamoDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloudScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed Database based on LuceneScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score74.07
Rank#17  Overall
#3  Document stores
#2  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­dynamodbwww.citusdata.comcratedb.comneo4j.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­dynamodbdocs.citusdata.comcratedb.com/­docsneo4j.com/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazonCrateNeo4j, Inc.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20122010201320072019
Current release8.1, December 20185.19, April 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree tier for a limited amount of database operationsOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageCJavaJava, ScalaClojure
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions (Javascript)yes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersyes infoby integration with AWS Lambdayesnoyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infomay be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be specified for read operations
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and regionACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon DynamoDBCitusCrateDBNeo4jXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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