DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Amazon DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | IBM Cloudant Xexclude from comparison | IBM Db2  formerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2 Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Fast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database service | Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB | Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/Linux | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store | Document store | Relational DBMS Since Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDB | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store RDF store in Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)Spatial DBMS with Db2 Spatial Extender | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/documentdb | www.ibm.com/products/cloudant | www.ibm.com/products/db2 | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | aws.amazon.com/documentdb/resources | cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant | www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2 | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | IBM, Apache Software Foundation IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014 | IBM | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2019 | 2010 | 1983 host version | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 12.1, October 2016 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial | commercial free version is available | commercial | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | yes | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Erlang | C and C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | hosted | AIX HP-UX Linux Solaris Windows z/OS | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | yes | yes JSON types | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | no | yes | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | proprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible) | RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC JSON style queries MongoDB compatibleODBC XQuery | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python | C# Java JavaScript Objective-C PHP Ruby | C C# C++ Cobol Delphi Fortran Java Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript | yes | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes | yes | JavaScript | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding | Sharding only with Windows/Unix/Linux Version | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | yes with separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere) | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR) | yes | no | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible | no | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Atomic single-document operations | no atomic operations within a document possible | ACID | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes Optimistic locking | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles | Access rights for users can be defined per database | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon DocumentDB | IBM Cloudant | IBM Db2 formerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2 | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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