DBMS > Amazon DocumentDB vs. Cassandra vs. MonetDB vs. OpenSearch vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DocumentDB vs. Cassandra vs. MonetDB vs. OpenSearch vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed MongoDB-compatible database service

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Vector DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.91
Rank	#131	Overall
	#24	Document stores

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.72
Rank	#141	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	16.03
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	4.25
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/documentdb

cassandra.apache.org

www.monetdb.org

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/documentdb/resources

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

opensearch.org/docs/latest

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

MonetDB BV

Amazon Web Services

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2019

2008

2004

2021

2016

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

2.5.0, January 2023

8.1.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

proprietary protocol using JSON (MongoDB compatible)

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, in SQL, C, R

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones for high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

yes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomic single-document operations

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
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- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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