DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. MariaDB

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. MariaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.06
Rank	#187	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Website

allegrograph.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.kingbase.com.cn

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

Developer

Franz Inc.

Google

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Initial release

2004

2015

2017

1999

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

Current release

8.0, December 2023

V8.0, August 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C and Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more

Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more

Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more

Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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