DB-EnginesInfluxDB: Focus on building software with an easy-to-use serverless, scalable time series platformEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Teradata vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Wide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteallegrograph.comcassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.teradata.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.teradata.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFranz Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleTeradataOpenLink Software
Initial release20042008201719841998
Current release8.0, December 20234.1.3, July 2023Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Linux
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoRDF schemasschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobulk load of XML files possiblenonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispnonoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeswith FederationSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoHashingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
AllegroGraphCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerTeradataVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
News

Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses?
17 April 2024

100 Companies That Matter in KM – Franz Inc.
3 April 2024

Exploring AllegroGraph v8 – Unleashing the Power of Neuro-Symbolic AI (Recorded Webinar)
9 February 2024

What is Neuro-Symbolic AI?
23 January 2024

Allegro CL v11 – Now Available! – The Neuro-Symbolic AI Programming Platform
8 January 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesCData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

Cassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
AllegroGraphCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerTeradataVirtuoso
DB-Engines blog posts

Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking
3 May 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

Oracle is the DBMS of the Year
5 January 2016, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking
2 November 2015, Paul Andlinger

show all

Teradata is the most popular data warehouse DBMS
2 April 2013, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

Q&A: Can Neuro-Symbolic AI Solve AI’s Weaknesses?
8 April 2024, TDWI

AI predictions for 2024 unveil exciting technological horizons
21 November 2023, Wire19

Neuro-Symbolic AI: The Peak of Artificial Intelligence
16 November 2021, AiThority

The Foundation of Data Fabrics and AI: Semantic Knowledge Graphs - DataScienceCentral.com
19 May 2022, Data Science Central

Fuse Graph Neural Networks with Semantic Reasoning to Produce Complimentary Predictions
21 September 2021, Towards Data Science

provided by Google News

Why Apache Cassandra 5.0 Is a Game-Changer for Developers
10 May 2024, The New Stack

Here's What to Know About Apache Cassandra 5.0
15 April 2024, hackernoon.com

How Uber Optimized Cassandra Operations At Scale
20 July 2023, Uber

Cassandra is the “best f*cking database for gen AI,” says DataStax CEO
13 December 2023, VentureBeat

Microsoft extends life support for aging Apache Cassandra 3.11 database
10 October 2023, The Register

provided by Google News

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

More AI Added to Google Cloud's Databases
28 February 2024, Datanami

provided by Google News

Chief Customer Officer Of Teradata Sold 25% Of Their Shares
12 May 2024, Simply Wall St

Versor Investments LP Buys Shares of 24,099 Teradata Co. (NYSE:TDC)
12 May 2024, MarketBeat

Michael D. Hutchinson Sells 18500 Shares of Teradata Co. (NYSE:TDC) Stock
12 May 2024, Defense World

Teradata (TDC) International Revenue Performance Explored
9 May 2024, Yahoo Finance

Kenvue, Crocs rise; Disney, Teradata fall, Tuesday, 5/7/2024
7 May 2024, ABC News

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

SingleStore logo

Database for your real-time AI and Analytics Apps.
Try it today.

Present your product here