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DBMS > Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. CockroachDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. CockroachDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDB  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on GreenplumCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.76
Rank#220  Overall
#102  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­hybriddb-postgresqlwww.cockroachlabs.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­analyticdb-for-postgresql/­latest/­product-introduction-overviewwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperAlibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development GroupCockroach LabsMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release201620152009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520142019
Current release24.1.0, May 202411.3.2, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC and C++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
Java
Perl
Python
R
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesnoyesJavaScriptyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*Spark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infowith MEMORY storage engineno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDBCockroachDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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More resources
Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDBCockroachDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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