DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Elasticsearch vs. MariaDB vs. Stardog vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Elasticsearch vs. MariaDB vs. Stardog vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.46
Rank	#260	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	2.91
Rank	#102	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Website

alasql.org

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.stardog.com

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.stardog.com

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Elastic

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Stardog-Union

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2014

2010

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2010

2017

Current release

8.6, January 2023

11.3.2, February 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

C and C++

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java VM

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

none

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
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