DBMS > AlaSQL vs. Amazon Redshift vs. LevelDB vs. PouchDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison AlaSQL vs. Amazon Redshift vs. LevelDB vs. PouchDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

JavaScript DBMS library

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.51
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#118	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	4.27
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

alasql.org

aws.amazon.com/redshift

github.com/google/leveldb

pouchdb.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

pouchdb.com/guides

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

Apache Software Foundation

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2014

2012

2011

2012

1998

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.1.1, June 2019

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT-License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

JavaScript

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

JavaScript

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

none

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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