DBMS > AgensGraph vs. Amazon Neptune vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. Amazon Neptune vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multi-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQL

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.16
Rank	#333	Overall
	#30	Graph DBMS
	#146	Relational DBMS

Score	2.58
Rank	#112	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.15
Rank	#339	Overall
	#33	Graph DBMS

Score	5.16
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	1234.27
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

bitnine.net/agensgraph

aws.amazon.com/neptune

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

bitnine.net/documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Bitnine Global Inc.

Amazon

Baidu

Microsoft

Oracle

Initial release

2016

2017

2018

2019

1980

Current release

2.1, December 2018

0.9

cloud service with continuous releases

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Unix

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

depending on used data model

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

Cypher Query Language
JDBC

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

C
Java
JavaScript
Python

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Groovy
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

no, but can be realized using table inheritance

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users, roles and permissions

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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