DBMS > Adabas vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

OLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments

used typically together with the Natural programming platform

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Multivalue DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.17
Rank	#94	Overall
	#1	Multivalue DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	5.60
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Website

www.softwareag.com/en_corporate/platform/adabas-natural.html

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

Software AG

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

1971

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

2010

2013

Current release

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++, Go

Server operating systems

BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with add-on product Adabas SQL Gateway

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API

with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Natural

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in Natural

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

yes

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vista

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, with add-on product Event Replicator

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

only with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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