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DBMS > Adabas vs. CrateDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. CrateDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDistributed Database based on LuceneDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.79
Rank#102  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#9  Vector DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlcratedb.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseneo4j.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperSoftware AGCrateMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release19712013201020072016
Current releaseV125.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supporthostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL Gatewayyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyesno
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesNatural.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin Naturaluser defined functions (Javascript)Transact SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaShardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"CrateDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNeo4jToroDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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