DBMS > Adabas vs. Couchbase vs. Lovefield vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL
System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Couchbase vs. Lovefield vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL
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Name | Adabas denotes "adaptable data base" Xexclude from comparison | Couchbase Originally called Membase Xexclude from comparison | Lovefield Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Spark SQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | OLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments used typically together with the Natural programming platform | A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database | Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Multivalue DBMS | Document store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Key-value store originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extension Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.softwareag.com/en_corporate/platform/adabas-natural.html | www.couchbase.com | google.github.io/lovefield | www.postgresql.org | spark.apache.org/sql | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.couchbase.com | github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md | www.postgresql.org/docs | spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Software AG | Couchbase, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Apache Software Foundation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 1971 | 2011 | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023 | 2.1.12, February 2017 | 16.3, May 2024 | 3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | C, C++, Go and Erlang | JavaScript | C | Scala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | BS2000 Linux Unix Windows z/OS z/VSE | Linux OS X Windows | server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes | schema-free | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | yes with add-on product Adabas SQL Gateway | SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases | SQL-like query language via JavaScript builder pattern | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | HTTP API with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway SOAP-based API with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway | CLI Client HTTP REST Kafka Connector Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs Spark Connector Spring Data | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | JDBC ODBC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | Natural | .Net C Go Java JavaScript Node.js Kotlin PHP Python Ruby Scala | JavaScript | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Java Python R Scala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | in Natural | Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++ | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes via the TAP protocol | Using read-only observers | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | yes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vista | Automatic Sharding | none | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | yes, utilizing Spark Core | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, with add-on product Event Replicator | Multi-source replication including cross data center replication Source-replica replication | none | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency selectable on a per-operation basis | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes Ephemeral buckets | yes using MemoryDB | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | only with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret) | User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control. | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Adabas denotes "adaptable data base" | Couchbase Originally called Membase | Lovefield | PostgreSQL | Spark SQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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