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DBMS > Adabas vs. Couchbase vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Neo4j vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Adabas vs. Couchbase vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Neo4j vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonCouchbase infoOriginally called Membase  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformA distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile databaseA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelMultivalue DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsKey-value store infooriginating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score17.30
Rank#36  Overall
#5  Document stores
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.couchbase.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
neo4j.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.couchbase.comdocs.heavy.aineo4j.com/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperSoftware AGCouchbase, Inc.HEAVY.AI, Inc.Neo4j, Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release19712011201620071998
Current releaseServer: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 20235.10, January 20225.19, April 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBusiness Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC, C++, Go and ErlangC++ and CUDAJava, ScalaC
Server operating systemsBS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaySQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use casesyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesNatural.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin NaturalFunctions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++noyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infovia the TAP protocolnoyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaAutomatic ShardingSharding infoRound robinyes using Neo4j Fabricyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatorMulti-source replication infoincluding cross data center replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoselectable on a per-operation basis
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoEphemeral bucketsyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Adabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"Couchbase infoOriginally called MembaseHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022Neo4jVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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