DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. STSdb vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SingleStore vs. STSdb vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.singlestore.com

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.singlestore.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

SingleStore Inc.

STS Soft SC

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

1989

2013

2011

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.5, January 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C++, Go

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

.NET Client API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

hash partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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