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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonTDengine  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsTime Series DBMS and big data platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.60
Rank#107  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlgithub.com/­taosdata/­TDengine
tdengine.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywheredocs.tdengine.com
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP infoformerly SybaseTDEngine, previously Taos Data
Initial release198419891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19922019
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 202417, July 20153.0, August 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL V3, also commercial editions available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++CC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesStandard SQL with extensions for time-series applications
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perlno
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes, via alarm monitoring
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereTDengine
Specific characteristicsTDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more
Typical application scenariosTDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
» more
Market metricsTDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereTDengine
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