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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeSpatial extension of PostgreSQLA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Spatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#238  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlpostgis.netwww.risingwave.com/­database
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlpostgis.net/­documentationdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­intro
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleRisingWave Labs
Initial release19841989199420052022
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 20203.4.2, February 20241.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CRust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesStandard SQL-types and JSON
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanouser defined functionsUDFs in Python or Java
Triggersyesyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnoneyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes infobased on PostgreSQLUsers and Roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBPostGISRisingWave
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