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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpatial extension of PostgreSQLA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#238  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverpostgis.netwww.risingwave.com/­database
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverpostgis.net/­documentationdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­intro
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftMicrosoftRisingWave Labs
Initial release19842014198920052022
Current releasev20, April 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20223.4.2, February 20241.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CRust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSON
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functionsUDFs in Python or Java
TriggersyesJavaScriptyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on PostgreSQLUsers and Roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerPostGISRisingWave
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