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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.37
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score93.76
Rank#12  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.28
Rank#61  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.postgresql.orgtrino.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesswww.postgresql.org/­docstrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTrino Software Foundation
Initial release198419921989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashdepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft AccessPostgreSQLTrino
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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft AccessPostgreSQLTrino
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