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DBMS > 4D vs. Microsoft Access vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Microsoft Access vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTSDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Scalable Time Series DBMS based on HBaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score1.68
Rank#146  Overall
#12  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#209  Overall
#97  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessopentsdb.netwww.postgresql.orgvitess.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessopentsdb.net/­docs/­build/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsvitess.io/­docs
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftcurrently maintained by Yahoo and other contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release1984199220111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2013
Current releasev20, April 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.2, February 202415.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoLGPLOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaCGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnumeric data for metrics, strings for tagsyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP API
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infobased on HBasepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneselectable replication factor infobased on HBaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBaseImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingnoACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMicrosoft AccessOpenTSDBPostgreSQLVitess
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