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DBMS > 4D vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.comwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
Developer4D, IncMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftStardog-UnionVK
Initial release19842001201020102008
Current releasev20, April 202311.0, December 2022V127.3.0, May 20202.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoSQL92yesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersyesyesyesyes infovia event handlersyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACIDACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogTarantool
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