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DBMS > 4D vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RisingWave vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RisingWave vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#238  Overall
#110  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.risingwave.com/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­introdocs.stardog.com
Developer4D, IncMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftRisingWave LabsStardog-Union
Initial release19842001201020222010
Current releasev20, April 202311.0, December 2022V121.2, September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++RustJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedDocker
Linux
macOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSONyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoSQL92yesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLUDFs in Python or Javauser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and RolesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRisingWaveStardog
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