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DBMS > 4D vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Wide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.27
Rank#112  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#302  Overall
#137  Relational DBMS
Score24.50
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score3.25
Rank#84  Overall
#7  Wide column stores
Score652.16
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncGoogleMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842014201420121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20232.1.12, February 201716.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query languagenoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJavaScriptnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesUsing read-only observersJavaScriptnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDBnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Table StoragePostgreSQL
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