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DBMS > 4D vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQream DB  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLa GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloadsTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#227  Overall
#104  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.orgsqream.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comkairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.sqream.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSQream TechnologiesAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release198420131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20172012
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 20242022.1.6, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageJavaCC++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, ANSI Standard SQL Typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions in Pythonyes
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal and vertical partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupssimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionKairosDBPostgreSQLSQream DBTitan
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