DBMS > 4D vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.85
Rank	#134	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	42.68
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	2.48
Rank	#107	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

janusgraph.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

neo4j.com

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.janusgraph.org

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

neo4j.com/docs

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

Microsoft

Neo4j, Inc.

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

1984

2017

1989

2007

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.0, October 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

5.23, August 2024

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
Java
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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High Performance at Any Scale: With its distributed scalable architecture that grows...
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Typical application scenarios

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TDengine is purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and particularly...
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Key customers

Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metrics

Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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TDengine has garnered over 23,000 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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TDengine OSS is free, open-source software released under the AGPLv3. TDengine Enterprise...
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