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DBMS > 4D vs. Ingres vs. Oracle vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Ingres vs. Oracle vs. SQL.JS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Well established RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#252	Overall
	#116	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oracle.com/en/database

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Actian Corporation

Oracle

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

1984

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1980

2012

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

commercial

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

no

no

no

no

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C

C and C++

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

yes

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes

yes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

no

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

no

Secondary indexes

yes

yes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

no

Triggers

yes

yes

yes

no

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

no

no

no

can be realized in PL/SQL

no

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

yes

yes

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes

yes

no

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

no

no

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

no

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond
25 November 2016, Tony Branson (guest author)

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

Conferences, events and webinars

more DBMS events

Oracle Cloud World
Las Vegas, 9-12 September 2024

Recent citations in the news

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