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DBMS > 4D vs. etcd vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MaxDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. etcd vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MaxDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed reliable key-value storeA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.cometcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
github.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
maxdb.sap.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.cometcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
docs.heavy.aimaxdb.sap.com/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncHEAVY.AI, Inc.SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984201619841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20233.4, August 20195.10, January 20227.9.10.12, February 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoC++ and CUDAC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes, watching key changesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoRound robinnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replicationSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionetcdHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022MaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DPostgreSQL
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