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DBMS > 4D vs. HBase vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. HBase vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableA Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters infoIt was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score1.94
Rank#129  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comhbase.apache.orgjanusgraph.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpingcap.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.janusgraph.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetLinux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by AureliusMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release19842008201720192016
Current releasev20, April 20232.3.4, January 20210.6.3, February 2023cloud service with continuous releases8.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaJavaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoCoprocessors in JavayesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes infodepending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseJanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionHBaseJanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
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