DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.79
Rank#211  Overall
#35  Document stores
Websitewww.4d.comwww.graphengine.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgrockset.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rockset.com
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRockset
Initial release1984201019841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current releasev20, April 20237.4.1.1, 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation language.NET and CCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
.NETHP Open VMSFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesdynamic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoingestion from XML files supported
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries, including JOINs
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyes, on a single nodeACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset console

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesSharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
» more

Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityOracle RdbPostgreSQLRockset
DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Conferences, events and webinars

Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor
Webinar, 10-11am CT / 4-5pm BST, 22 May 2024

Recent citations in the news

Trinity
2 June 2023, Microsoft

Open source Microsoft Graph Engine takes on Neo4j
13 February 2017, InfoWorld

Aerospike Is Now a Graph Database, Too
21 June 2023, Datanami

IBM releases Graph, a service that can outperform SQL databases
27 July 2016, GeekWire

The graph analytics landscape 2019 - DataScienceCentral.com
27 February 2019, Data Science Central

provided by Google News

Oracle Adds New AI-Enabling Features To MySQL HeatWave
23 March 2023, Forbes

Should we all consolidate databases for the storage benefits? Reg vultures deploy DevOps, zoos, haircuts
18 September 2020, The Register

2013 Data Science Salary Survey – O'Reilly
4 May 2013, oreilly.com

provided by Google News

At Build, Microsoft Fabric, PostgreSQL and Cosmos DB get AI enhancements
21 May 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Nutanix partners with EDB to fit database service for AI – Blocks and Files
21 May 2024, Blocks & Files

Nutanix and EDB Partner to Deliver a Modern Data Platform
21 May 2024, Business Wire

Let PostgreSQL Pick An Index For You
20 May 2024, iProgrammer

Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ...
14 May 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

Rockset upgrades database to meet the needs of AI hybrid search – Blocks and Files
20 May 2024, Blocks & Files

Rockset Announces Native Support for Hybrid Search to Power AI Apps
17 May 2024, Datanami

Data Management News for the Week of May 17; Updates from Anomalo, DataStax, Rockset & More
16 May 2024, Solutions Review

Rockset launches native support for hybrid vector and text search to power AI apps
16 May 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Rockset Hybrid Search Release Sets New Course for Vector Databases
16 May 2024, Datanami

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

SingleStore logo

Build AI apps with Vectors on SQL and JSON with milliseconds response times.
Try it today.

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Present your product here