DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.68
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.62
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	2.12
Rank	#125	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#396	Overall
	#42	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.52
Rank	#114	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.graphengine.io

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

opennms.github.io/newts

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

docs.nebula-graph.io

github.com/OpenNMS/newts/wiki

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

OpenNMS Group

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

1984

2010

2019

2014

1994

Current release

v20, April 2023

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

.NET and C

C++

Java

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

.NET

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

HTTP REST
Java API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Java

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

based on Cassandra

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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