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DBMS > 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Kdb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Graph Engine vs. Kdb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineHigh performance Time Series DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.graphengine.iokx.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualcode.kx.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncMicrosoftKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release198420102000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200319841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20233.6, May 20187.4.1.1, 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CqC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
.NETLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
HP Open VMSFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query language (q)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyes infowith viewsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoyes, on a single nodeACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityKdbOracle RdbPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityKdbOracle RdbPostgreSQL
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