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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQream DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQream DB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLa GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#227  Overall
#104  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.orgsqream.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docskairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.sqream.com
Developer4D, IncGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSQream Technologies
Initial release1984201720131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 20242022.1.6, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaCC++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, ANSI Standard SQL Types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions in Python
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal and vertical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud SpannerKairosDBPostgreSQLSQream DB
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