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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Qdrant

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.16
Rank#175  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastoregithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docskairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsqdrant.tech/­documentation
Developer4D, IncGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQdrant
Initial release1984200820131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2021
Current releasev20, April 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaCRust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Enginenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using Paxosselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsCollection-level replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardKey-based authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreKairosDBPostgreSQLQdrant
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