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DBMS > 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. InterSystems Caché vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. InterSystems Caché vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA multi-model DBMS and application serverDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachegithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.intersystems.comkairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncGoogleInterSystemsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842008199720131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20232018.1.4, May 20201.2.2, November 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freedepending on used data modelschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query language (GQL)yesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Java
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesusing Google App Engineyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolessimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionGoogle Cloud DatastoreInterSystems CachéKairosDBPostgreSQL
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