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DBMS > 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. FoundationDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
Developer4D, IncFoundationDBMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release19842013200120102010
Current releasev20, April 20236.2.28, November 202011.0, December 2022V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92supported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoSQL92yesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionFoundationDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardog
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